build-system/gnu: Add support for the "bin" output.

* guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm (configure): Add support for "bin"
  output.

utils: Restore the mtime/atime of patched files.

* guix/build/utils.scm (set-file-time): New procedure.
  (patch-shebang): New `keep-mtime?' parameter; call `set-file-time'
  when it's true.
  (patch-makefile-SHELL): Likewise.

distro: bzip2: Patch `SHELL' in `Makefile-libbz2_so'.

* distro/packages/compression.scm (bzip2): Call `patch-makefile-SHELL'
  in BUILD-SHARED-LIB.

distro: libc: Update to 2.17.

* distro/packages/base.scm (glibc): Update to 2.17.

build-system/gnu: enable test-target during the check phase

* guix/build-system/gnu.scm: add variable test-target

distro: attr: Fix references to /bin/sh.

* distro/packages/attr.scm (attr): Add `patch-makefile-SHELL'.  Patch
  `test/run' in `check' phase.

build-system/gnu: Patch shebangs in all the source; patch SHELL in makefiles.

* guix/build/utils.scm (call-with-ascii-input-file): New procedure.
  (patch-shebang): Use it.
  (patch-makefile-SHELL): New procedure.
* guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm (patch-source-shebangs): Patch all the
  files, not just executables; remove `po/Makefile.in.in' patching.
  (patch-generated-files): Rename to...
  (patch-generated-file-shebangs): ... this.  Patch executables and
  makefiles.
  (%standard-phases): Adjust accordingly.

* distro/packages/autotools.scm (libtool): Remove call to `patch-shebang'.
* distro/packages/base.scm (gcc-4.7): Likewise.
  (guile-final): Remove hack to skip `test-command-line-encoding2'.
* distro/packages/bash.scm (bash): Remove `pre-configure-phase'.
* distro/packages/readline.scm (readline): Likewise.
* distro/packages/ncurses.scm (ncurses): Remove `pre-install-phase'.

distro: coreutils: Update to 8.20.

* distro/packages/base.scm (coreutils): Update to 8.20.

distro: guile: Patch (ice-9 popen) to use the right shell.

* distro/packages/guile.scm (guile-2.0): Add `pre-configure'.
* distro/packages/base.scm (guile-final): Adjust to preserve the
  `pre-configure' phase.

build-system/gnu: Patch shebangs after `configure'.

* guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm (patch-generated-files): New
  procedure.
  (%standard-phases): Add it after `configure'.

build-system/gnu: Report the execution time of each phase.

* guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm (gnu-build): Report the success or
  failure of each phase and its execution time.

distro: m4: Patch references to /bin/sh.

* distro/packages/m4.scm (m4): Add `pre-check' phase.

distro: libtool: Run test suite in parallel; patch references to /bin/sh.

* distro/packages/autotools.scm (libtool): Add `pre-check' phase.

distro: bash, readline: Patch so that `make' uses the right shell.

* distro/packages/readline.scm (readline): Add `pre-configure-phase' to
  patch `MAKE_SHELL' in `configure.  Move `post-install-phase' body to
  a variable.
* distro/packages/bash.scm (bash): Likewise.

distro: gawk: Use the right shell instead of /bin/sh.

* distro/packages/gawk.scm (gawk): Patch shell file name in io.c.

distro: Update `guile-final' to not fail during `patch-source-shebangs' phase.

* distro/packages/base.scm (guile-final): Add workaround on top of
  GUILE-2.0/FIXED to avoid `patch-source-shebangs' failure on one of the
  source files.

distro: ncurses: Patch references to /bin/sh.

* distro/packages/ncurses.scm (ncurses): Add `patch-makefile-phase' and
  `pre-install-phase'.

utils: Add a `progress' parameter to `dump-port'.

* guix/build/utils.scm (dump-port): Add a `progress' keyword parameter.
  Call it after each transfer.

distro: Update bootstrap binaries.

Use bootstrap binaries that were generated with the `make-bootstrap'
changes introduced in previous commit.

* Makefile.am (nodist_bootstrap_x86_64_linux_DATA,
  nodist_bootstrap_i686_linux_DATA): Change Guile tarball name.
  (distro/packages/bootstrap/x86_64-linux/guile-2.0.7.tar.xz,
  distro/packages/bootstrap/i686-linux/guile-2.0.7.tar.xz): New targets.
  (distro/packages/bootstrap/x86_64-linux/guile-bootstrap-2.0.6.tar.xz,
  distro/packages/bootstrap/i686-linux/guile-bootstrap-2.0.6.tar.xz):
  Remove.
* build-aux/download.scm (file-name->uri): Use "20121219" directory.
* distro/packages/bootstrap.scm (%bootstrap-guile): Update file name.
  (%bootstrap-coreutils&co, %bootstrap-binutils, %bootstrap-glibc,
  %bootstrap-gcc): Update directory name and hashes.

distro: make-bootstrap: Have libc's functions search for `sh' in $PATH.

* distro/packages/make-bootstrap.scm (%glibc-with-relocatable-system,
  %standard-inputs-with-relocatable-glibc): New variables.
  (%static-inputs)[gawk]: Apply `gawk-shell.patch'.
  [finalize]: New procedure.
  Build all the packages against %STANDARD-INPUTS-WITH-RELOCATABLE-GLIBC.
  (%glibc-stripped): Inherit from %GLIBC-WITH-RELOCATABLE-SYSTEM.
  (%gcc-static, %guile-static): Build against
  %STANDARD-INPUTS-WITH-RELOCATABLE-GLIBC.
* distro/packages/patches/gawk-shell.patch,
  distro/packages/patches/glibc-bootstrap-system.patch: New files.
* Makefile.am (dist_patch_DATA): Add them.