hash: Add `open-sha256-port'.

* guix/hash.scm (GCRY_MD_SHA256): New macro.
  (sha256): Use it.
  (open-sha256-md, md-write, md-read, md-close, open-sha256-port,
  port-sha256): New procedures.
* tests/hash.scm: New file.
* Makefile.am (SCM_TESTS): Add it.