ui: Move 'show-manifest-transaction' from (guix profiles).

* guix/profiles.scm: Do not use (guix ui) module.
  (right-arrow, manifest-show-transaction): Move and rename to...
* guix/ui.scm (right-arrow, show-manifest-transaction): ... here.
* tests/profiles.scm ("manifest-show-transaction"): Move to...
* tests/ui.scm ("show-manifest-transaction"): ... here.
  (guile-1.8.8, guile-2.0.9): New variables.
* emacs/guix-main.scm (process-package-actions): Rename
  'manifest-show-transaction' to 'show-manifest-transaction'.
* guix/scripts/package.scm (guix-package): Likewise.

Signed-off-by: Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>

Break module cycle involving (guix store) and (guix ui).

Before, there was a cycle along the lines of:

  (guix store) -> (guix nar) -> (guix ui) -> (guix store)

This caused problems, as discussed at:

  http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-10/msg00109.html

This patch removes cycles in the (guix ...) modules.

* guix/nar.scm (&nar-error, &nar-read-error, dump, write-contents,
  read-contents, %archive-version-1, write-file, restore-file): Move to...
* guix/serialization.scm: ... here.
* guix/store.scm: Remove dependency on (guix nar).
* guix/scripts/hash.scm, guix/scripts/offload.scm,
  guix/scripts/substitute-binary.scm, tests/nar.scm, tests/store.scm,
  tests/substitute-binary.scm: Adjust accordingly.

substitute-binary: Ignore $GUIX_BINARY_SUBSTITUTE_URL.

* guix/scripts/substitute-binary.scm (%cache-url): Ignore the
  'GUIX_BINARY_SUBSTITUTE_URL' environment variable.
* test-env.in: Invoke 'guix-daemon' with '--substitute-urls'.
* tests/substitute-binary.scm: Set '%cache-url' to the value of
  'GUIX_BINARY_SUBSTITUTE_URL'.

monads: Add 'mbegin'.

* guix/monads.scm (mbegin): New macro.
* tests/monads.scm ("mbegin"): New test.
* doc/guix.texi (The Store Monad): Document it.

packages: Gracefully print packages whose 'location' is #f.

* guix/packages.scm (<package> printer): Check whether LOC is #f.
* tests/packages.scm ("printer with location", "printer without
  location"): New tests.

derivations: Add 'graft-derivation'.

* guix/derivations.scm (graft-derivation): New procedure.
* guix/build/graft.scm: New file.
* Makefile.am (MODULES): Add it.
* tests/derivations.scm ("graft-derivation"): New test.

guix lint: make sure synopses do not start with the package name.

* guix/scripts/lint.scm (check-start-with-package-name): New method.
* tests/lint.scm ("synopsis: start with package name"): New test.

guix lint: Make sure a synopsis cannot start with a lower-case article.

* guix/scripts/lint.scm (check-start-article): use "string-ci=?" instead of
  "string=?".
* tests/lint.scm ("synopsis: starts with 'a'",
  "synopsis: starts with 'an'"): New tests.

guix lint: check whether descriptions and synopses start with an upper-case letter.

* guix/scripts/lint.scm (check-description-style,
  check-synopsis-start-upper-case): New methods.
* tests/lint.scm ("description: does not start with an upper-case letter",
  "synopsis: does not start with an upper-case letter"): New tests.

guix lint: Make sure synopses are not too long.

* guix/scripts/lint.scm (check-synopsis-length): New procedure.
* tests/lint.scm ("synopsis: too long"): New test.

build-system: Bags record their system and target.

* guix/build-system.scm (<bag>)[system, target]: New fields.
  (make-bag): Add #:system parameter and pass it to LOWER.
* gnu/packages/bootstrap.scm (make-raw-bag): Initialize 'system' field.
* guix/build-system/cmake.scm (lower): Likewise.
* guix/build-system/perl.scm (lower): Likewise.
* guix/build-system/python.scm (lower): Likewise.
* guix/build-system/ruby.scm (lower): Likewise.
* guix/build-system/trivial.scm (lower): Likewise.
* guix/build-system/gnu.scm (lower): Initialize 'system' and 'target'
  fields.
* guix/packages.scm (bag->derivation, bag->cross-derivation): New
  procedures.
  (package-derivation, package-cross-derivation): Use 'bag->derivation'.
* tests/packages.scm ("search paths"): Initialize 'system' and 'target'
  fields.
  ("package->bag", "package->bag, cross-compilation", "bag->derivation",
  "bag->derivation, cross-compilation"): New tests.

gnu: cross-base: Use the right dynamic linker name.

* gnu/packages/cross-base.scm (cross-gcc-arguments): Parametrize
  %CURRENT-TARGET-SYSTEM.
* tests/monads.scm ("package-file + package->cross-derivation"): Replace
  "foo64-gnu" with "mips64el-linux-gnu".

build-system: Introduce "bags" as an intermediate representation.

* guix/build-system.scm (<build-system>)[build, cross-build]: Remove.
  [lower]: New field.
  (<bag>): New record type.
  (make-bag): New procedure.
* guix/packages.scm (bag-transitive-inputs, bag-transitive-build-inputs,
  bag-transitive-host-inputs, bag-transitive-target-inputs,
  package->bag): New procedures.
  (package-derivation): Use it; use the bag, apply its build procedure,
  etc.
  (package-cross-derivation): Likewise.
* gnu/packages/bootstrap.scm (raw-build, make-raw-bag): New procedure.
  (%bootstrap-guile): Use them.
* guix/build-system/trivial.scm (lower): New procedure.
  (trivial-build, trivial-cross-build): Remove 'source' parameter.  Pass
  INPUTS as is.
  (trivial-build-system): Adjust accordingly.
* guix/build-system/gnu.scm (%store, inputs-search-paths,
  standard-search-paths, expand-inputs, standard-inputs): Remove.
  (gnu-lower): New procedure.
  (gnu-build): Remove 'source' and #:implicit-inputs? parameters.
  Remove 'implicit-inputs' and 'implicit-search-paths' variables.  Get
  the source from INPUT-DRVS.
  (gnu-cross-build): Likewise.
  (standard-cross-packages): Remove call to 'standard-packages'.
  (standard-cross-inputs, standard-cross-search-paths): Remove.
  (gnu-build-system): Remove 'build' and 'cross-build'; add 'lower'.
* guix/build-system/cmake.scm (lower): New procedure.
  (cmake-build): Remove 'source' and #:cmake parameters.  Use INPUTS and
  SEARCH-PATHS as is.  Get the source from INPUTS.
* guix/build-system/perl.scm: Likewise.
* guix/build-system/python.scm: Likewise.
* guix/build-system/ruby.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/packages/cross-base.scm (cross-gcc): Change "cross-linux-headers"
  to "linux-headers".
  (cross-libc)[xlinux-headers]: Pass #:implicit-cross-inputs? #f.
  Likewise.  In 'propagated-inputs', change "cross-linux-headers" to
  "linux-headers".
* guix/git-download.scm (git-fetch): Use 'standard-packages' instead of
  'standard-inputs'.
* tests/builders.scm ("gnu-build-system"): Remove use of
  'build-system-builder'.
  ("gnu-build"): Remove 'source' and #:implicit-inputs? arguments to
  'gnu-build'.
* tests/packages.scm ("search paths"): Adjust to new build system API.
  ("package-cross-derivation, no cross builder"): Likewise.
* doc/guix.texi (Build Systems): Add paragraph on bags.

utils: Add 'strip-keyword-arguments'.

* guix/utils.scm (strip-keyword-arguments): New procedure.
* tests/utils.scm ("strip-keyword-arguments"): New test.

ui: Recognize the same size units as Coreutils.

* guix/ui.scm (size->number): Add a bunch of large units.  Recognize
  one-letter unit names.  Change "KB" to "kB".
* tests/ui.scm ("size->number, 1T"): New test.
* doc/guix.texi (Invoking guix gc): Add cross-reference to "Block size"
  in the Coreutils manual.
  (Invoking guix system): Likewise.

download: Allow raw file names or file:// URLs.

* guix/download.scm (url-fetch): When URL is a string, if it's not a URI
  or if it's a URI with 'file' or #f scheme, use 'add-to-store'.
* tests/builders.scm ("url-fetch, file", "url-fetch, file URI"): New
  tests.

import: Add PyPI importer.

* guix/snix.scm: Delete.
* guix/import/snix.scm: New file.
* guix/import/pypi.scm: New file.
* guix/import/utils.scm: New file.
* guix/scripts/import/nix.scm: New file.
* guix/scripts/import/pypi.scm: New file.
* tests/pypi.scm: New file.
* tests/snix.scm: Import (guix import snix) module.
* guix/scripts/import.scm (%default-options, %options): Delete.
  (%standard-import-options, importers): New variables.
  (show-help): List importers.
  (guix-import): Factor out Nix-specific logic.  Delegate to correct importer
  based upon first argument.
* configure.ac (HAVE_GUILE_JSON): New conditional.
* Makefile.am (MODULES): Add new files and remove 'guix/snix.scm'.
  (SCM_TESTS): Add 'tests/pypi.scm' if guile-json is installed.

Introduce the 'GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH' environment variable.

* gnu/packages.scm (%package-module-path): Honor $GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH.
* test-env.in: Unset 'GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH'.
* tests/guix-package.sh: Test it.
* doc/guix.texi (Package Modules): Document it.

guix build: Add -L/--load-path as a common option.

* guix/scripts/build.scm (show-build-options-help): Document -L.
  (%standard-build-options): Add -L/--load-path.
* tests/guix-package.sh: Test it.

Merge branch 'core-updates'