gnu: Split (gnu packages base), adding (gnu packages commencement).

* gnu/packages/base.scm (gnu-make-boot0, diffutils-boot0,
  findutils-boot0, %boot0-inputs, nix-system->gnu-triplet, boot-triplet,
  binutils-boot0, gcc-boot0, perl-boot0, linux-libre-headers-boot0,
  texinfo-boot0, %boot1-inputs, glibc-final-with-bootstrap-bash,
  cross-gcc-wrapper, static-bash-for-glibc, glibc-final,
  gcc-boot0-wrapped, %boot2-inputs, binutils-final, libstdc++,
  gcc-final, ld-wrapper-boot3, %boot3-inputs, bash-final, %boot4-inputs,
  guile-final, gnu-make-final, ld-wrapper, coreutils-final, grep-final,
  %boot5-inputs, %final-inputs, canonical-package, gcc-toolchain,
  gcc-toolchain-4.8, gcc-toolchain-4.9): Move to...
* gnu/packages/commencement.scm: ... here.  New file.
* gnu-system.am (GNU_SYSTEM_MODULES): Add it.
* build-aux/check-final-inputs-self-contained.scm: Adjust accordingly.
* gnu/packages/cross-base.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/packages/make-bootstrap.scm: Likewise.
* guix/build-system/cmake.scm (cmake-build): Likewise.
* guix/build-system/gnu.scm (standard-packages, gnu-build,
  gnu-cross-build): Likewise.
* guix/build-system/perl.scm (perl-build): Likewise.
* guix/build-system/python.scm (python-build): Likewise.
* guix/build-system/trivial.scm (guile-for-build): Likewise.
* guix/download.scm (url-fetch): Likewise.
* guix/gexp.scm (default-guile): Likewise.
* guix/git-download.scm (git-fetch): Likewise.
* guix/monads.scm (run-with-store): Likewise.
* guix/packages.scm (default-guile): Likewise.
* guix/scripts/package.scm (guix-package): Likewise.
* guix/scripts/refresh.scm: Likewise.
* guix/svn-download.scm (svn-fetch): Likewise.
* tests/builders.scm (%bootstrap-inputs, %bootstrap-search-paths):
  Likewise.
* tests/packages.scm ("GNU Make, bootstrap"): Likewise.
* tests/guix-package.sh: Likewise.
* gnu/services/base.scm: Use 'canonical-package' instead of xxx-final.
* gnu/services/xorg.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/system/vm.scm: Likewise.
* guix/scripts/pull.scm (guix-pull): Likewise.

vm: Make sure disk image initrds load 'usb-storage.ko'.

Reported by David Thompson <dthompson2@worcester.edu>.

* gnu/system/vm.scm (system-disk-image): Add usb-storage.ko to the
  initrd.

vm: Add support for i686.

Partially fixes <http://bugs.gnu.org/18002>.
Reported by David Thompson <dthompson2@worcester.edu>.

* guix/build/vm.scm (qemu-command): Add optional 'system' parameter.
  Special-case "^i[3456]86$".
* gnu/system/vm.scm (system-qemu-image/shared-store-script): Use it.

vm: Enable QEMU support in the freestanding VM image.

* gnu/system/vm.scm (system-qemu-image): Add 'initrd' field.

linux-initrd: Rename 'qemu-initrd' to 'base-initrd'.

* gnu/system/linux-initrd.scm (qemu-initrd): Rename to...
  (base-initrd): ... this.
* gnu/system.scm (<operating-system>)[initrd]: Update accordingly.
* gnu/system/vm.scm (expression->derivation-in-linux-vm,
  system-disk-image, virtualized-operating-system): Likewise.

linux-initrd: Disable QEMU networking by default.

* gnu/system/linux-initrd.scm (qemu-initrd): Remove default value for
  #:qemu-networking?.
* gnu/system/vm.scm (expression->derivation-in-linux-vm): Pass
  #:qemu-networking? #t.
  (system-disk-image): Remove #:qemu-networking? #f.
  (virtualized-operating-system): Pass #:qemu-networking? #t.

linux-initrd: Make the virtio kernel modules optional.

* gnu/system/linux-initrd.scm (qemu-initrd): Add #:virtio? parameter.
  Use it.
* gnu/system/vm.scm (expression->derivation-in-linux-vm): Pass
  'qemu-initrd' #:virtio?.
  (virtualized-operating-system): Likewise.

system: Install /var/guix/profiles/system-1-link on new systems.

* guix/build/install.scm (directives): Add /var/guix/profiles/system.
  (populate-root-file-system): Add 'system' parameter.  Create
  /var/guix/profiles/system-1-link.
* guix/scripts/system.scm (install): Pass OS-DIR to
  'populate-root-file-system'.
* guix/build/vm.scm (initialize-root-partition): Add #:system-directory
  parameter, and pass it to 'populate-root-file-system'.
  (initialize-hard-disk): Add #:system-directory parameter, and pass it
  to 'initialize-root-partition'.
* gnu/system/vm.scm (qemu-image): Add #:os-derivation parameter and pass
  it to 'initialize-hard-disk'.
  (system-disk-image, system-qemu-image,
  system-qemu-image/shared-store): Pass #:os-derivation to 'qemu-image.

Merge branch 'master' into core-updates

vm: Add #:name parameter for 'system-disk-image'.

* gnu/system/vm.scm (system-disk-image): Add #:name parameter; pass it
  to 'qemu-image'.

gnu: Merge Parted, fdisk, and ddrescue in (gnu packages disk).

* gnu/packages/parted.scm: Rename to...
* gnu/packages/disk.scm: ... this.  New file.  Merge with...
* gnu/packages/fdisk.scm: ... this; remove file;
* gnu/packages/ddrescue.scm: ... and this; remove file.
* gnu/system/install.scm, gnu/system/vm.scm: Adjust accordingly.
* gnu-system.am (GNU_SYSTEM_MODULES): Remove
  gnu/packages/{parted,fdisk,ddrescue}.scm and add
  gnu/packages/disk.scm.

system: File system sources can be marked as labels or devices.

* gnu/system/file-systems.scm (<file-system>)[title]: New field.
* gnu/services/base.scm (file-system-service): Add #:title parameter.
  In 'start' gexp, use 'canonicalize-device-spec' and honor TITLE.
* gnu/system.scm (other-file-system-services,
  operating-system-root-file-system, operating-system-initrd-file):
  Adjust accordingly.
* gnu/system/linux-initrd.scm (file-system->spec): Likewise.
* gnu/system/vm.scm (system-disk-image): Add 'title' field for the root
  file system.
* guix/build/linux-initrd.scm (mount-file-system): Expect the second
  element of SPEC to be the title.
  (boot-system)[root-mount-point?, root-fs-type]: Likewise.
* gnu/services/dmd.scm (dmd-configuration-file): Select
  'canonicalize-device-spec'.

vm: disk-image: Specify the root file system using a label.

* gnu/system/vm.scm (system-disk-image)[root-label]: New variable.
  Use it for the root file system, and pass it as #:file-system-label to
  'qemu-image'.

vm: Allow a volume name to be specified for the root partition.

* guix/build/vm.scm (format-partition): Add #:label parameter, and honor
  it.
  (initialize-hard-disk): Add #:file-system-label parameter, and pass it
  to 'format-partition'.
* gnu/system/vm.scm (qemu-image): Add #:file-system-label parameter and
  pass it to 'initialize-hard-disk'.

Merge branch 'master' into core-updates

vm: Disable QEMU networking in the disk image initrd.

* gnu/system/linux-initrd.scm (qemu-initrd): Add #:qemu-networking?
  parameter and honor it.
* gnu/system/vm.scm (system-disk-image): Pass #:qemu-networking #f.

vm: Add 'system-disk-image'.

* gnu/system/vm.scm (system-disk-image): New procedure.

vm: Use a para-virtualized disk when creating an image.

* guix/build/vm.scm (load-in-linux-vm): When MAKE-DISK-IMAGE?, use
  '-drive ...,if=virtio' for better performance.
* gnu/system/vm.scm (qemu-image): Use /dev/vda instead of /dev/sda.

vm: Make the image format a parameter.

* guix/build/vm.scm (load-in-linux-vm): Add #:disk-image-format
  parameter; add 'image-file' variable.  Honor DISK-IMAGE-FORMAT.
* gnu/system/vm.scm (expression->derivation-in-linux-vm): Add
  #:disk-image-format parameter, and honor it.
  (qemu-image): Likewise.

Add (gnu system file-systems).

This fixes a circular dependency between (gnu system) and (gnu system
linux-initrd), where the latter could end up being compiled before
'file-system-type' was defined as a macro.

* gnu/system.scm (<file-system>, %fuse-control-file-system,
  %binary-format-file-system): Move to...
* gnu/system/file-systems.scm: ... here.  New file.
* build-aux/hydra/demo-os.scm, gnu/system/linux-initrd.scm,
  gnu/system/vm.scm: Use it.
* gnu-system.am (GNU_SYSTEM_MODULES): Add it.