scripts: environment: Build environments as profiles.

Fixes <http://bugs.gnu.org/19816>.

* guix/scripts/environment.scm (evaluate-input-search-paths)
(build-inputs): Delete.
(evaluate-profile-search-paths, strip-input-name)
(package-or-package+output?, package-environment-inputs)
(build-environment, inputs->profile-derivations): New procedures.
(create-environment, show-search-paths, launch-environment)
(launch-environment/container): Replace 'inputs' argument
with 'profile' argument.
(package+propagated-inputs): Strip off names off of input tuples.
(options/resolve-packages): Handle input tuples that specify an output
in expressions.
(guix-environment): Convert inputs into a profile to use in the
environment.  Remove non-package inputs such as origins from
environment inputs.
* doc/guix.texi ("invoking guix environment"): Document package+output
tuples for --expression option.
* tests/guix-environment.sh: Update tests.
* tests/guix-environment-container.sh: Likewise.

Co-authored-by: Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>

store: Add monadic access to '%current-system'.

* guix/store.scm (current-system, set-current-system): New procedures.
* tests/store.scm ("current-system"): New test.

guix build: Add '--with-input'.

* guix/scripts/build.scm (transform-package-inputs): New procedure.
(%transformations): Add it.
(%transformation-options, show-transformation-options-help): Add
--with-input.
* tests/scripts-build.scm ("options->transformation, with-input"):
("options->transformation, with-input, no matches"): New tests.
* tests/guix-build.sh: Add tests.
* doc/guix.texi (Package Transformation Options): Document it.

guix build: Transformations operate on single objects.

* guix/scripts/build.scm (transform-package-source): Return a procedure
that expects a single object rather than a list of packages.
(options->transformation): Rewrite to precompute the list of applicable
transformations and to return a procedure that expects a single object
rather than a list of objects.
(options->derivations): Adjust accordingly.
* tests/scripts-build.scm: New file.
* Makefile.am (SCM_TESTS): Add it.

services: Rename 'dmd' services to 'shepherd'.

* gnu/services/shepherd.scm (dmd-root-service-type, %dmd-root-service)
  (dmd-service-type, <dmd-service>, dmd-service, dmd-service?)
  (make-dmd-service, dmd-service-documentation, dmd-service-provision)
  (dmd-service-requirement, dmd-service-respawn, dmd-service-start)
  (dmd-service-stop, dmd-service-auto-start?, dmd-service-modules)
  (dmd-service-imported-modules, dmd-service-file-name, dmd-service-file)
  (dmd-service-back-edges): Rename to...
  (shepherd-root-service-type, %shepherd-root-service, shepherd-service-type)
  (<shepherd-service>, shepherd-service, shepherd-service?)
  (make-shepherd-service, shepherd-service-documentation)
  (shepherd-service-provision, shepherd-service-requirement)
  (shepherd-service-respawn, shepherd-service-start)
  (shepherd-service-stop, shepherd-service-auto-start?)
  (shepherd-service-modules, shepherd-service-imported-modules)
  (shepherd-service-file-name, shepherd-service-file)
  (shepherd-service-back-edges): ...this
* gnu/services.scm: Adjust comments.
* gnu/services/avahi.scm (avahi-dmd-service): Rename to...
  (avahi-shepherd-service): ... this.
* gnu/services/base.scm (%root-file-system-dmd-service)
  (file-system->dmd-service-name, mapped-device->dmd-service-name)
  (dependency->dmd-service-name, file-system-dmd-service)
  (mingetty-dmd-service, nscd-dmd-service, guix-dmd-service)
  (guix-publish-dmd-service, udev-dmd-service, gpm-dmd-service): Rename to...
  (%root-file-system-shepherd-service)
  (file-system->shepherd-service-name, mapped-device->shepherd-service-name)
  (dependency->shepherd-service-name, file-system-shepherd-service)
  (mingetty-shepherd-service, nscd-shepherd-service, guix-shepherd-service)
  (guix-publish-shepherd-service, udev-shepherd-service)
  (gpm-shepherd-service): ... this.
* gnu/services/databases.scm (postgresql-dmd-service): Rename to...
  (postgresql-shepherd-service): ... this.
* gnu/services/desktop.scm (upower-dmd-service, elogind-dmd-service):
  Rename to...
  (upower-shepherd-service, elogind-shepherd-service): ... this.
* gnu/services/dbus.scm (dbus-dmd-service): Rename to...
  (dbus-shepherd-service): ... this.
* gnu/services/lirc.scm (lirc-dmd-service): Rename to...
  (lirc-shepherd-service): ... this.
* gnu/services/mail.scm (dovecot-dmd-service): Rename to...
  (dovecot-shepherd-service): ... this.
* gnu/services/networking.scm (ntp-dmd-service, tor-dmd-service)
  (bitlbee-dmd-service, wicd-dmd-service, network-manager-dmd-service): Rename to...
  (dbus-shepherd-service): ... this.
* gnu/services/ssh.scm (lsh-dmd-service): Rename to...
  (lsh-shepherd-service): ... this.
* gnu/services/web.scm (nginx-dmd-service): Rename to...
  (nginx-shepherd-service): ... this.
* gnu/services/xorg.scm (slim-dmd-service): Rename to...
  (slim-shepherd-service): ... this.
* gnu/system.scm (essential-services): Use '%shepherd-root-service'.
* gnu/system/install.scm (cow-store-service-type): Adjust accordingly.
* guix/scripts/system.scm (dmd-service-node-label, dmd-service-node-type)
  (export-dmd-graph): Likewise.
* tests/guix-system.sh: Likewise.
* tests/services.scm ("dmd-service-back-edges"): Rename to...
  ("shepherd-service-back-edges"): Adjust accordingly.
* doc/guix.texi: Likewise.
* doc/images/service-graph.dot: Use 'shepherd' service name.

Rename (gnu services dmd) to (gnu services shepherd).

* gnu/services/dmd.scm: Rename to...
* gnu/services/shepherd.scm: ... this.
* gnu/system.scm: Use it.
* gnu/system/install.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/services/xorg.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/services/web.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/services/ssh.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/services/networking.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/services/mail.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/services/lirc.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/services/desktop.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/services/dbus.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/services/databases.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/services/base.scm: Likewise.
* gnu/services/avahi.scm: Likewise.
* guix/scripts/system.scm: Likewise.
* tests/services.scm: Likewise.
* tests/guix-system.sh: Likewise.
* doc/guix.texi (Shepherd Services): Adjust accordingly.
* gnu-system.am (GNU_SYSTEM_MODULES): Likewise.
* po/guix/POTFILES.in: Likewise.

packages: Use '@' in package record printers.

* guix/packages.scm <package>: Use '@' in record printer.
* guix/import/cabal.scm <cabal-package>: Likewise
* guix/import/elpa.scm <elpa-package>: Likewise.
* tests/packages.scm: Adapt to it.

tests: Use 'dummy-origin' for lint tests when possible.

* guix/tests/lint.scm ("patches: file names", "patches: not found"): Use
'dummy-origin'.  'sha256' field was wrongly set to a string instead of a
bytevector.

Merge branch 'core-updates'

Merge branch 'master' into core-updates

tests: Prevent 'http_proxy' from breaking Web server tests.

* tests/lint.scm: Add call to 'unsetenv' to remove 'http_proxy'.
* tests/publish.scm: Likewise.

system: grub: Search root device by label or UUID if possible.

Fixes <http://bugs.gnu.org/22281>.
Reported by Christopher Allan Webber <cwebber@dustycloud.org>.

* gnu/system/grub.scm (eye-candy): Add 'root-fs' parameter.  Replace
'search --file' command in the output with whatever 'grub-root-search'
returns.
(grub-root-search): New procedure.
(grub-configuration-file): Add 'store-fs' parameter.  Use
'grub-root-search' instead of hard-coded 'search --file' commands.
* gnu/system.scm (store-file-system,
operating-system-store-file-system): New procedures.
(operating-system-grub.cfg): Use it, and adjust call to
'grub-configuration-file'.
* tests/system.scm: New file.
* Makefile.am (SCM_TESTS): Add it.

tests: Move beatify-description tests to import-tests.

Fixes <http://bugs.gnu.org/22391>.

* tests/cran.scm (beautify-description: use double spacing,
beautify-description: transform fragment into sentence). Move
from here ...
* tests/import-utils.scm: ... to here. New file.
* Makefile.am (SCM_TESTS): Add import-utils.

import: gem: Beautify only the description, not the synopsis.

* guix/import/gem.scm (make-gem-sexp): Add synopsis argument.
(gem->guix-package): Pass unbeautified synopsis to make-gem-sexp.
* tests/gem.scm: Adapt it.

import: Add Bioconductor importer and updater.

* guix/import/cran.scm (%bioconductor-updater,
latest-bioconductor-release, bioconductor-package?): New procedures.
(cran->guix-package): Support repositories other than CRAN.
(%bioconductor-url, %bioconductor-svn-url): New variables.
(description->package): Update signature to distinguish between packages
from different repositories.
(latest-release): Rename procedure ...
(latest-cran-release): ... to this.
(cran-package?): Do not assume all R packages are available on CRAN.
* tests/cran.scm: Update tests.
* guix/scripts/import/cran.scm: Add "--archive" option and default to
CRAN.
* guix/scripts/refresh.scm (%updaters): Add "%bioconductor-updater".
* doc/guix.texi: Document Bioconductor importer and updater.

derivations: Add test in keep-going mode.

* tests/derivations.scm ("derivation fails but keep going"): New test.

Merge branch 'master' into core-updates

derivations: Add test for #:leaked-env-vars.

* tests/derivations.scm ("derivation #:leaked-env-vars"): New test.

tests: Use sed instead of grep as a package with no dependencies.

* tests/graph.scm ("node-edges"): Choose SED instead of GREP as the
example.

Merge branch 'master' into core-updates