etc: Add installation script.

* etc/guix-install.sh: New file.
* Makefile.am (EXTRA_DIST): Add it.
* doc/guix.texi (Binary Installation): Mention it.

Co-authored-by: sharlatan <sharlatanus@gmail.com>

doc: Unconfuse file systems and partitions.

Partitions can have their own labels and UUIDs (e.g. under GPT) that are
unrelated to those of the contained file system.  Confusing the two ends
poorly.

* doc/guix.scm (File Systems, Proceeding with the Installation)
(Using the Configuration System, Initial RAM Disk): Substitute `file
system' for `partition' when talking about labels and UUIDs.

doc, gnu: Fix spelling of screen-things.

* doc/guix.texi (X Window): Write 'screen locker' and 'screen saver' in
prose.
* gnu/services/xorg.scm (screen-locker-service): Likewise.

doc: Fix SCREEN-LOCKER-SERVICE description.

* doc/guix.texi (X Window): Correct the documentation for the
SCREEN-LOCKER-SERVICE procedure.

doc: Replace a stale reference to a code snippet.

The text refers to a snippet which has since been removed, but a
suitable replacement is near.  Use it.

* doc/guix.texi (Using the Configuration System): Substitute bind for
tcpdump.

doc: Mention escpr in CUPS configuration example.

Suggested by Danny Milosavljevic <dannym@scratchpost.org>.

* doc/guix.texi (Printing Services): Mention how to add support for
Epson printers to CUPS via escpr in the configuration example.

Signed-off-by: Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>

doc: Improve ‘fix-runpath’ description.

* doc/guix.texi (Build Systems): Re-write ‘fix-runpath’ documentation
entirely.  Just fixing the typos didn't do much.

services: Missing services are automatically instantiated.

This simplifies OS configuration: users no longer need to be aware of
what a given service depends on.

See the discussion at
<https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2018-01/msg00114.html>.

* gnu/services.scm (missing-target-error): New procedure.
(service-back-edges): Use it.
(instantiate-missing-services): New procedure.
* gnu/system.scm (operating-system-services): Call
'instantiate-missing-services'.
* tests/services.scm ("instantiate-missing-services")
("instantiate-missing-services, no default value"): New tests.
* gnu/services/version-control.scm (cgit-service-type)[extensions]: Add
FCGIWRAP-SERVICE-TYPE.
* gnu/tests/version-control.scm (%cgit-os): Remove NGINX-SERVICE-TYPE
and FCGIWRAP-SERVICE-TYPE instances.
* doc/guix.texi (Log Rotation): Remove 'mcron-service-type' in example.
(Miscellaneous Services): Remove 'nginx-service-type' and
'fcgiwrap-service-type' in Cgit example.

build: Declare “doc/guix.texi“ dependencies.

Fixes <https://bugs.gnu.org/29727>.

* doc/local.mk (%C%_guix_TEXINFOS): New variable containing files included by
“doc/guix.texi”.
(EXTRA_DIST): Remove ‘.texi’ files.

Signed-off-by: Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>

gnu: Consistently Write ‘file system(s)’.

It is the GNU way.

* doc/guix.texi (Build Systems, DNS Services): Write ‘file system(s)’.
* gnu/build/vm.scm (create-ext-file-system, create-fat-file-system):
Likewise.
* gnu/packages/backup.scm (dirvish, rsnapshot)[description]: Likewise.
* gnu/packages/check.scm (python-testpath)[description]: Likewise.
* gnu/packages/disk.scm (pydf)[description]: Likewise.
* gnu/packages/file-systems.scm (disorderfs)[synopsis, description]: Likewise.
(glusterfs)[description]: Likewise.
* gnu/packages/haskell.scm (ghc-directory, ghc-system-fileio-bootstrap)
(ghc-system-fileio)[synopsis]: Likewise.
(ghc-fsnotify)[description]: Likewise.
* gnu/packages/linux.scm (proot)[description]: Likewise.
(jmtpfs)[synopsis, description]: Likewise.
* gnu/packages/mate.scm (caja, caja-extensions)[description]: Likewise.
* gnu/packages/storage.scm (ceph)[description]: Likewise.
* gnu/packages/sync.scm (lsyncd)[description]: Likewise.
* gnu/packages/syncthing.scm (syncthing)[synopsis]: Likewise.
(go-github-com-zillode-notify)[description]: Likewise.
* gnu/services/nfs.scm (pipefs-service-type): Likewise.
* guix/scripts/system.scm (perform-action): Likewise.

doc: Suggest running guix-daemon with 'sudo -E'.

Suggested by Martin H. <maze@strahlungsfrei.de>.

* doc/contributing.texi (Running Guix Before It Is Installed): Suggest
'sudo -E'.

docs: Fix typo in qemu-binfmt example.

* doc/guix.texi (Virtualization Services): Document 'guix-support?' properly.

gnu: services: web: Add service for httpd.

* gnu/services/web.scm (<httpd-module>,
  <httpd-config-file>, <httpd-virtualhost>
  <httpd-configuration>): New record types.
  (%default-httpd-modules, %httpd-accounts,
  httpd-service-type): New variables.
  (httpd-shepherd-services, httpd-activation,
  httpd-process-extensions): New procedures.
* gnu/tests/web.scm (run-httpd-test): New procedure.
  (%httpd-os, %tests-httpd): New variables.
* doc/guix.texi (Web Services): Document the Apache HTTP Server.

doc: Fix typo.

Reported by Nicolas Goaziou.

* doc/guix.texi (Invoking guix archive): Fix typo.

doc: Deprecate 'bitlbee-service' procedure.

* gnu/services/messaging.scm (bitlbee-service): Mark as deprecated.
* doc/guix.texi (Messaging Services): Document 'bitlbee-service-type'
and 'bitlbee-configuration'.  Remove 'bitlbee-service'.

services: bitlbee: Move to (gnu services messaging).

* gnu/services/networking.scm (<bitlbee-configuration>)
(bitlbee-shepherd-service, %bitlbee-accounts, %bitlbee-activation)
(bitlbee-service-type, bitlbee-service): Move to...
* gnu/services/messaging.scm: ... here.
* doc/guix.texi (Networking Services): Move 'bitlbee-service' doc to...
(Messaging Services): ... here.

doc: Connect "guix archive", "guix pack", and co.

* doc/guix.texi (Invoking guix pack): Add xrefs to "guix publish", "guix
copy", and "guix archive".
(Invoking guix archive): Add xref to "guix pack".

doc: Correct documentation of NGINX-LOCATION-CONFIGURATION.

* doc/guix.texi (Web Services): The body of an NGINX-LOCATION-CONFIGURATION
is a list of strings and not a string.

services: qemu-binfmt: Extend guix-daemon with extra chroot directories.

Fixes <https://bugs.gnu.org/20239>.

* gnu/services/virtualization.scm (<qemu-binfmt-configuration>)[guix-support?]:
New field.
(qemu-binfmt-guix-chroot): New procedure.
(qemu-binfmt-service-type)[extensions]: Add GUIX-SERVICE-TYPE.
* doc/guix.texi (Virtualization Services): Document 'guix-support?'.
(Additional Build Options): Mention binfmt_misc and offloading under
'--system'.

services: Add qemu-binfmt.

* gnu/services/virtualization.scm (<qemu-platform>): New record type.
(bv): New macro.
(%i386, %i486, %alpha, %arm, %armeb, %sparc, %sparc32plus)
(%ppc, %ppc64, %ppc64le, %m68k, %mips, %mipsel, %mipsn32el)
(%mips64, %mips64el, %sh4, %sh4eb, %s390x, %aarch64, %hppa)
(%qemu-platforms): New variables.
(lookup-qemu-platforms): New procedure.
(<qemu-binfmt-configuration>): New record type.
(qemu-platform->binfmt): New procedures.
(%binfmt-mount-point, %binfmt-register-file, %binfmt-file-system)
(qemu-binfmt-service-type): New variables.
(qemu-binfmt-shepherd-services): New procedures.
* doc/guix.texi (Virtualization Services): Add "Transparent Emulation
with QEMU" heading.

binfmt fixlet