;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
;;; Copyright © 2014 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
;;;
;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
;;; your option) any later version.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;;;
;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;;; along with GNU Guix.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

(define-module (guix gexp)
  #:use-module ((guix store)
                #:select (direct-store-path?))
  #:use-module (guix monads)
  #:use-module ((guix derivations)
                #:select (derivation? derivation->output-path
                          %guile-for-build derivation))
  #:use-module (guix packages)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-9)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-9 gnu)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-26)
  #:use-module (ice-9 match)
  #:export (gexp
            gexp?
            gexp->derivation
            gexp->file
            gexp->script))

;;; Commentary:
;;;
;;; This module implements "G-expressions", or "gexps".  Gexps are like
;;; S-expressions (sexps), with two differences:
;;;
;;;   1. References (un-quotations) to derivations or packages in a gexp are
;;;      replaced by the corresponding output file name; in addition, the
;;;      'ungexp-native' unquote-like form allows code to explicitly refer to
;;;      the native code of a given package, in case of cross-compilation;
;;;
;;;   2. Gexps embed information about the derivations they refer to.
;;;
;;; Gexps make it easy to write to files Scheme code that refers to store
;;; items, or to write Scheme code to build derivations.
;;;
;;; Code:

;; "G expressions".
(define-record-type <gexp>
  (make-gexp references natives proc)
  gexp?
  (references gexp-references)                    ; ((DRV-OR-PKG OUTPUT) ...)
  (natives    gexp-native-references)             ; ((DRV-OR-PKG OUTPUT) ...)
  (proc       gexp-proc))                         ; procedure

(define (write-gexp gexp port)
  "Write GEXP on PORT."
  (display "#<gexp " port)

  ;; Try to write the underlying sexp.  Now, this trick doesn't work when
  ;; doing things like (ungexp-splicing (gexp ())) because GEXP's procedure
  ;; tries to use 'append' on that, which fails with wrong-type-arg.
  (false-if-exception
   (write (apply (gexp-proc gexp)
                 (append (gexp-references gexp)
                         (gexp-native-references gexp)))
          port))
  (format port " ~a>"
          (number->string (object-address gexp) 16)))

(set-record-type-printer! <gexp> write-gexp)

;; Reference to one of the derivation's outputs, for gexps used in
;; derivations.
(define-record-type <output-ref>
  (output-ref name)
  output-ref?
  (name output-ref-name))

(define raw-derivation
  (store-lift derivation))

(define* (lower-inputs inputs
                       #:key system target)
  "Turn any package from INPUTS into a derivation for SYSTEM; return the
corresponding input list as a monadic value.  When TARGET is true, use it as
the cross-compilation target triplet."
  (with-monad %store-monad
    (sequence %store-monad
              (map (match-lambda
                    (((? package? package) sub-drv ...)
                     (mlet %store-monad
                         ((drv (if target
                                   (package->cross-derivation package target
                                                              system)
                                   (package->derivation package system))))
                       (return `(,drv ,@sub-drv))))
                    (((? origin? origin) sub-drv ...)
                     (mlet %store-monad ((drv (origin->derivation origin)))
                       (return `(,drv ,@sub-drv))))
                    (input
                     (return input)))
                   inputs))))

(define* (lower-reference-graphs graphs #:key system target)
  "Given GRAPHS, a list of (FILE-NAME INPUT ...) lists for use as a
#:reference-graphs argument, lower it such that each INPUT is replaced by the
corresponding derivation."
  (match graphs
    (((file-names . inputs) ...)
     (mlet %store-monad ((inputs (lower-inputs inputs
                                               #:system system
                                               #:target target)))
       (return (map cons file-names inputs))))))

(define* (gexp->derivation name exp
                           #:key
                           system (target 'current)
                           hash hash-algo recursive?
                           (env-vars '())
                           (modules '())
                           (guile-for-build (%guile-for-build))
                           references-graphs
                           local-build?)
  "Return a derivation NAME that runs EXP (a gexp) with GUILE-FOR-BUILD (a
derivation) on SYSTEM.  When TARGET is true, it is used as the
cross-compilation target triplet for packages referred to by EXP.

Make MODULES available in the evaluation context of EXP; MODULES is a list of
names of Guile modules from the current search path to be copied in the store,
compiled, and made available in the load path during the execution of
EXP---e.g., '((guix build utils) (guix build gnu-build-system)).

When REFERENCES-GRAPHS is true, it must be a list of tuples of one of the
following forms:

  (FILE-NAME PACKAGE)
  (FILE-NAME PACKAGE OUTPUT)
  (FILE-NAME DERIVATION)
  (FILE-NAME DERIVATION OUTPUT)
  (FILE-NAME STORE-ITEM)

The right-hand-side of each element of REFERENCES-GRAPHS is automatically made
an input of the build process of EXP.  In the build environment, each
FILE-NAME contains the reference graph of the corresponding item, in a simple
text format.

In that case, the reference graph of each store path is exported in
the build environment in the corresponding file, in a simple text format.

The other arguments are as for 'derivation'."
  (define %modules modules)
  (define outputs (gexp-outputs exp))

  (define (graphs-file-names graphs)
    ;; Return a list of (FILE-NAME . STORE-PATH) pairs made from GRAPHS.
    (map (match-lambda
           ((file-name (? derivation? drv))
            (cons file-name (derivation->output-path drv)))
           ((file-name (? derivation? drv) sub-drv)
            (cons file-name (derivation->output-path drv sub-drv)))
           ((file-name thing)
            (cons file-name thing)))
         graphs))

  (mlet* %store-monad (;; The following binding is here to force
                       ;; '%current-system' and '%current-target-system' to be
                       ;; looked up at >>= time.
                       (unused    (return #f))

                       (system -> (or system (%current-system)))
                       (target -> (if (eq? target 'current)
                                      (%current-target-system)
                                      target))
                       (normals  (lower-inputs (gexp-inputs exp)
                                               #:system system
                                               #:target target))
                       (natives  (lower-inputs (gexp-native-inputs exp)
                                               #:system system
                                               #:target #f))
                       (inputs -> (append normals natives))
                       (sexp     (gexp->sexp exp
                                             #:system system
                                             #:target target))
                       (builder  (text-file (string-append name "-builder")
                                            (object->string sexp)))
                       (modules  (if (pair? %modules)
                                     (imported-modules %modules
                                                       #:system system
                                                       #:guile guile-for-build)
                                     (return #f)))
                       (compiled (if (pair? %modules)
                                     (compiled-modules %modules
                                                       #:system system
                                                       #:guile guile-for-build)
                                     (return #f)))
                       (graphs   (if references-graphs
                                     (lower-reference-graphs references-graphs
                                                             #:system system
                                                             #:target target)
                                     (return #f)))
                       (guile    (if guile-for-build
                                     (return guile-for-build)
                                     (package->derivation (default-guile)
                                                          system))))
    (raw-derivation name
                    (string-append (derivation->output-path guile)
                                   "/bin/guile")
                    `("--no-auto-compile"
                      ,@(if (pair? %modules)
                            `("-L" ,(derivation->output-path modules)
                              "-C" ,(derivation->output-path compiled))
                            '())
                      ,builder)
                    #:outputs outputs
                    #:env-vars env-vars
                    #:system system
                    #:inputs `((,guile)
                               (,builder)
                               ,@(if modules
                                     `((,modules) (,compiled) ,@inputs)
                                     inputs)
                               ,@(match graphs
                                   (((_ . inputs) ...) inputs)
                                   (_ '())))
                    #:hash hash #:hash-algo hash-algo #:recursive? recursive?
                    #:references-graphs (and=> graphs graphs-file-names)
                    #:local-build? local-build?)))

(define* (gexp-inputs exp #:optional (references gexp-references))
  "Return the input list for EXP, using REFERENCES to get its list of
references."
  (define (add-reference-inputs ref result)
    (match ref
      (((? derivation?) (? string?))
       (cons ref result))
      (((? package?) (? string?))
       (cons ref result))
      (((? origin?) (? string?))
       (cons ref result))
      ((? gexp? exp)
       (append (gexp-inputs exp references) result))
      (((? string? file))
       (if (direct-store-path? file)
           (cons ref result)
           result))
      ((refs ...)
       (fold-right add-reference-inputs result refs))
      (_
       ;; Ignore references to other kinds of objects.
       result)))

  (fold-right add-reference-inputs
              '()
              (references exp)))

(define gexp-native-inputs
  (cut gexp-inputs <> gexp-native-references))

(define (gexp-outputs exp)
  "Return the outputs referred to by EXP as a list of strings."
  (define (add-reference-output ref result)
    (match ref
      (($ <output-ref> name)
       (cons name result))
      ((? gexp? exp)
       (append (gexp-outputs exp) result))
      (_
       result)))

  (fold-right add-reference-output
              '()
              (gexp-references exp)))

(define* (gexp->sexp exp #:key
                     (system (%current-system))
                     (target (%current-target-system)))
  "Return (monadically) the sexp corresponding to EXP for the given OUTPUT,
and in the current monad setting (system type, etc.)"
  (define* (reference->sexp ref #:optional native?)
    (with-monad %store-monad
      (match ref
        (((? derivation? drv) (? string? output))
         (return (derivation->output-path drv output)))
        (((? package? p) (? string? output))
         (package-file p
                       #:output output
                       #:system system
                       #:target (if native? #f target)))
        (((? origin? o) (? string? output))
         (mlet %store-monad ((drv (origin->derivation o)))
           (return (derivation->output-path drv output))))
        (($ <output-ref> output)
         ;; Output file names are not known in advance but the daemon defines
         ;; an environment variable for each of them at build time, so use
         ;; that trick.
         (return `((@ (guile) getenv) ,output)))
        ((? gexp? exp)
         (gexp->sexp exp
                     #:system system
                     #:target (if native? #f target)))
        (((? string? str))
         (return (if (direct-store-path? str) str ref)))
        ((refs ...)
         (sequence %store-monad
                   (map (cut reference->sexp <> native?) refs)))
        (x
         (return x)))))

  (mlet %store-monad
      ((args (sequence %store-monad
                       (append (map reference->sexp (gexp-references exp))
                               (map (cut reference->sexp <> #t)
                                    (gexp-native-references exp))))))
    (return (apply (gexp-proc exp) args))))

(define (canonicalize-reference ref)
  "Return a canonical variant of REF, which adds any missing output part in
package/derivation references."
  (match ref
    ((? package? p)
     `(,p "out"))
    ((? origin? o)
     `(,o "out"))
    ((? derivation? d)
     `(,d "out"))
    (((? package?) (? string?))
     ref)
    (((? origin?) (? string?))
     ref)
    (((? derivation?) (? string?))
     ref)
    ((? string? s)
     (if (direct-store-path? s) `(,s) s))
    ((refs ...)
     (map canonicalize-reference refs))
    (x x)))

(define (syntax-location-string s)
  "Return a string representing the source code location of S."
  (let ((props (syntax-source s)))
    (if props
        (let ((file   (assoc-ref props 'filename))
              (line   (and=> (assoc-ref props 'line) 1+))
              (column (assoc-ref props 'column)))
          (if file
              (simple-format #f "~a:~a:~a"
                             file line column)
              (simple-format #f "~a:~a" line column)))
        "<unknown location>")))

(define-syntax gexp
  (lambda (s)
    (define (collect-escapes exp)
      ;; Return all the 'ungexp' present in EXP.
      (let loop ((exp    exp)
                 (result '()))
        (syntax-case exp (ungexp ungexp-splicing)
          ((ungexp _)
           (cons exp result))
          ((ungexp _ _)
           (cons exp result))
          ((ungexp-splicing _ ...)
           (cons exp result))
          ((exp0 exp ...)
           (let ((result (loop #'exp0 result)))
             (fold loop result #'(exp ...))))
          (_
           result))))

    (define (collect-native-escapes exp)
      ;; Return all the 'ungexp-native' forms present in EXP.
      (let loop ((exp    exp)
                 (result '()))
        (syntax-case exp (ungexp-native ungexp-native-splicing)
          ((ungexp-native _)
           (cons exp result))
          ((ungexp-native _ _)
           (cons exp result))
          ((ungexp-native-splicing _ ...)
           (cons exp result))
          ((exp0 exp ...)
           (let ((result (loop #'exp0 result)))
             (fold loop result #'(exp ...))))
          (_
           result))))

    (define (escape->ref exp)
      ;; Turn 'ungexp' form EXP into a "reference".
      (syntax-case exp (ungexp ungexp-splicing
                        ungexp-native ungexp-native-splicing
                        output)
        ((ungexp output)
         #'(output-ref "out"))
        ((ungexp output name)
         #'(output-ref name))
        ((ungexp thing)
         #'thing)
        ((ungexp drv-or-pkg out)
         #'(list drv-or-pkg out))
        ((ungexp-splicing lst)
         #'lst)
        ((ungexp-native thing)
         #'thing)
        ((ungexp-native drv-or-pkg out)
         #'(list drv-or-pkg out))
        ((ungexp-native-splicing lst)
         #'lst)))

    (define (substitute-ungexp exp substs)
      ;; Given EXP, an 'ungexp' or 'ungexp-native' form, substitute it with
      ;; the corresponding form in SUBSTS.
      (match (assoc exp substs)
        ((_ id)
         id)
        (_
         #'(syntax-error "error: no 'ungexp' substitution"
                         #'ref))))

    (define (substitute-ungexp-splicing exp substs)
      (syntax-case exp ()
        ((exp rest ...)
         (match (assoc #'exp substs)
           ((_ id)
            (with-syntax ((id id))
              #`(append id
                        #,(substitute-references #'(rest ...) substs))))
           (_
            #'(syntax-error "error: no 'ungexp-splicing' substitution"
                            #'ref))))))

    (define (substitute-references exp substs)
      ;; Return a variant of EXP where all the cars of SUBSTS have been
      ;; replaced by the corresponding cdr.
      (syntax-case exp (ungexp ungexp-native
                        ungexp-splicing ungexp-native-splicing)
        ((ungexp _ ...)
         (substitute-ungexp exp substs))
        ((ungexp-native _ ...)
         (substitute-ungexp exp substs))
        (((ungexp-splicing _ ...) rest ...)
         (substitute-ungexp-splicing exp substs))
        (((ungexp-native-splicing _ ...) rest ...)
         (substitute-ungexp-splicing exp substs))
        ((exp0 exp ...)
         #`(cons #,(substitute-references #'exp0 substs)
                 #,(substitute-references #'(exp ...) substs)))
        (x #''x)))

    (syntax-case s (ungexp output)
      ((_ exp)
       (let* ((normals (delete-duplicates (collect-escapes #'exp)))
              (natives (delete-duplicates (collect-native-escapes #'exp)))
              (escapes (append normals natives))
              (formals (generate-temporaries escapes))
              (sexp    (substitute-references #'exp (zip escapes formals)))
              (refs    (map escape->ref normals))
              (nrefs   (map escape->ref natives)))
         #`(make-gexp (map canonicalize-reference (list #,@refs))
                      (map canonicalize-reference (list #,@nrefs))
                      (lambda #,formals
                        #,sexp)))))))


;;;
;;; Convenience procedures.
;;;

(define (default-guile)
  ;; Lazily resolve 'guile-final'.  This module must not refer to (gnu …)
  ;; modules directly, to avoid circular dependencies, hence this hack.
  (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages commencement))
              'guile-final))

(define* (gexp->script name exp
                       #:key (modules '()) (guile (default-guile)))
  "Return an executable script NAME that runs EXP using GUILE with MODULES in
its search path."
  (mlet %store-monad ((modules  (imported-modules modules))
                      (compiled (compiled-modules modules)))
    (gexp->derivation name
                      (gexp
                       (call-with-output-file (ungexp output)
                         (lambda (port)
                           ;; Note: that makes a long shebang.  When the store
                           ;; is /gnu/store, that fits within the 128-byte
                           ;; limit imposed by Linux, but that may go beyond
                           ;; when running tests.
                           (format port
                                   "#!~a/bin/guile --no-auto-compile~%!#~%"
                                   (ungexp guile))
                           (write
                            '(set! %load-path
                                   (cons (ungexp modules) %load-path))
                            port)
                           (write
                            '(set! %load-compiled-path
                                   (cons (ungexp compiled)
                                         %load-compiled-path))
                            port)
                           (write '(ungexp exp) port)
                           (chmod port #o555)))))))

(define (gexp->file name exp)
  "Return a derivation that builds a file NAME containing EXP."
  (gexp->derivation name
                    (gexp
                     (call-with-output-file (ungexp output)
                       (lambda (port)
                         (write '(ungexp exp) port))))
                    #:local-build? #t))


;;;
;;; Syntactic sugar.
;;;

(eval-when (expand load eval)
  (define* (read-ungexp chr port #:optional native?)
    "Read an 'ungexp' or 'ungexp-splicing' form from PORT.  When NATIVE? is
true, use 'ungexp-native' and 'ungexp-native-splicing' instead."
    (define unquote-symbol
      (match (peek-char port)
        (#\@
         (read-char port)
         (if native?
             'ungexp-native-splicing
             'ungexp-splicing))
        (_
         (if native?
             'ungexp-native
             'ungexp))))

    (match (read port)
      ((? symbol? symbol)
       (let ((str (symbol->string symbol)))
         (match (string-index-right str #\:)
           (#f
            `(,unquote-symbol ,symbol))
           (colon
            (let ((name   (string->symbol (substring str 0 colon)))
                  (output (substring str (+ colon 1))))
              `(,unquote-symbol ,name ,output))))))
      (x
       `(,unquote-symbol ,x))))

  (define (read-gexp chr port)
    "Read a 'gexp' form from PORT."
    `(gexp ,(read port)))

  ;; Extend the reader
  (read-hash-extend #\~ read-gexp)
  (read-hash-extend #\$ read-ungexp)
  (read-hash-extend #\+ (cut read-ungexp <> <> #t)))

;;; gexp.scm ends here
